head -n -2 file_old > file_new
Wednesday, October 24, 2012
Monday, October 22, 2012
Processes in Linux
Type the following ps command to display all running process:
Where,
Output:
To quit press q, for help press h.
Sample outputs:
Or you can email result to yourself:
Sample outputs:
or
Now type the htop command at the shell prompt:
Sample outputs:
Sample outputs:
ps aux | grep processname
pidof processname
For example if process name is lighttpd, you can use any one of the following command to obtain process ID:
OR
Where,
Kill Firefox process:
As I said earlier killall on UNIX system does something else. It kills all process and not just specific process. Do not use killall on UNIX system (use kill -9).
# ps aux | less
Where,
- -A: select all processes
- a: select all processes on a terminal, including those of other users
- x: select processes without controlling ttys
Task: see every process on the system
# ps -A
# ps -e
Task: See every process except those running as root
# ps -U root -u root -N
Task: See process run by user vivek
# ps -u vivek
Task: top command
The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system. Type the top at command prompt:# top
Output:
To quit press q, for help press h.
Task: display a tree of processes
pstree shows running processes as a tree. The tree is rooted at either pid or init if pid is omitted. If a user name is specified, all process trees rooted at processes owned by that user are shown.$ pstree
Sample outputs:
Task: Print a process tree using ps
# ps -ejH
# ps axjf
Task: Get info about threads
Type the following command:# ps -eLf
# ps axms
Task: Get security info
Type the following command:# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
# ps axZ
# ps -eM
Task: Save Process Snapshot to a file
Type the following command:# top -b -n1 > /tmp/process.log
Or you can email result to yourself:
# top -b -n1 | mail -s 'Process snapshot' you@example.com
Task: Lookup process
Use pgrep command. pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to screen. For example display firefox process id:$ pgrep firefox
Sample outputs:
3356Following command will list the process called sshd which is owned by a user called root:
$ pgrep -u root sshd
Say hello to htop and atop
htop is interactive process viewer just like top, but allows to scroll the list vertically and horizontally to see all processes and their full command lines. Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs. To install htop type command:# apt-get install htop
or
# yum install htop
Now type the htop command at the shell prompt:
# htop
Sample outputs:
atop program
The program atop is an interactive monitor to view the load on a Linux system. It shows the occupation of the most critical hardware resources (from a performance point of view) on system level, i.e. cpu, memory, disk and network. It also shows which processes are responsible for the indicated load with respect to cpu- and memory load on process level; disk- and network load is only shown per process if a kernel patch has been installed. Type the following command to start atop:# atop
Sample outputs:
Linux and all other UNIX like oses comes with kill command. The command kill sends the specified signal (such as kill process) to the specified process or process group. If no signal is specified, the TERM signal is sent.
Kill process using kill command under Linux/UNIX
kill command works under both Linux and UNIX/BSD like operating systems.Step #1: First, you need to find out process PID (process id)
Use ps command or pidof command to find out process ID (PID). Syntax:ps aux | grep processname
pidof processname
For example if process name is lighttpd, you can use any one of the following command to obtain process ID:
# ps aux | grep lighttpd
Output:lighttpd 3486 0.0 0.1 4248 1432 ? S Jul31 0:00 /usr/sbin/lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf lighttpd 3492 0.0 0.5 13752 3936 ? Ss Jul31 0:00 /usr/bin/php5-cgOR use pidof command which is use to find the process ID of a running program:
# pidof lighttpd
Output:3486
Step #2: kill process using PID (process id)
Above command tell you PID (3486) of lighttpd process. Now kill process using this PID:# kill 3486
OR
# kill -9 3486
Where,
- -9 is special Kill signal, which will kill the process.
killall command examples
DO NOT USE killall command on UNIX system (Linux only command). You can also use killall command. The killall command kill processes by name (no need to find PID):# killall -9 lighttpd
Kill Firefox process:
# killall -9 firefox-bin
As I said earlier killall on UNIX system does something else. It kills all process and not just specific process. Do not use killall on UNIX system (use kill -9).
Monday, October 15, 2012
Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerServerErrorException: An unknown error occurred while processing the request on the server.
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_endRequest(EndRequestHandler);
function EndRequestHandler(sender, args){
if (args.get_error() != undefined){
args.set_errorHandled(true);
}
}
</script>
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7881470/sys-webforms-pagerequestmanagerservererrorexception-an-unknown-error-occurred-w
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